By John VerPlank, PE
When people come to us with a vision, whether it be a new building, park, or parking lot, they often have a clear idea of what they want to create. What they may not realize is that before any ground can be broken, a lot of invisible groundwork has to happen first. Site design starts long before the first shovel hits the dirt. It begins with understanding the history, limitations, and potential of the land itself.
That early process, often called due diligence or feasibility, is where we help clients turn ideas into informed plans. Whether we’re working with a private business, an architect, or a local township, we start by asking the same questions: Is this site suitable for what you want to build? What challenges might we run into? How can we plan around them before they become costly surprises?
Laying the Groundwork
We understand that many owners want to minimize financial risk early in the project’s process until they’re confident their site is viable. To make the most of that early phase and build an initial understanding of site conditions, we often begin the feasibility study using readily available online resources like wetland, environmental, and soils mapping tools. From there, we request a MISS DIG/One Call design ticket to obtain utility maps and confirm what exists in the project area.
The Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy (EGLE) Remediation Information Data Exchange (RIDE) website may provide insight into the property’s history, whether it once hosted a gas station, industrial facility, or landfill that could leave contamination behind. This kind of research, paired with United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Soil Survey maps, may help provide initial insight into the existing site conditions. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and ArcGIS mapping are also useful tools to understand the soil type, slopes, and drainage characteristics of the site. These details can help to determine where a building can go, how stormwater will be managed, and how utilities can be routed efficiently.
At the same time, we also verify important regulatory factors. We check zoning and setbacks to confirm that the project fits within local ordinances. We confirm whether public utilities are available and have enough capacity to serve the new development. A complete topographic survey, Phase I Environmental Site Assessment, wetland evaluation, and geotechnical investigation can also be completed during the initial feasibility study. However, these more detailed studies are often reserved until the preliminary results of the feasibility study give us confidence that the site is likely to work for its intended use.

From Information to Imagination
Once we understand the existing conditions, we can start conceptual planning. This is where the fun begins for clients: they get to see their ideas take shape. We develop conceptual layouts that show how a building, parking, access drives, and green space might fit on the property. We also prepare engineer’s probable costs of construction, helping clients understand the investment required. This phase helps us set realistic schedules and coordinate with local agencies for approvals and entitlements.
The process that follows can look a little different depending on the type of client and project. Private developments often move through schematic design, then design development, and finally construction documents, with each step adding more detail and refinement. For municipal clients, the path may be shorter or adjusted depending on funding sources, but the goal is always the same: to design responsibly and efficiently from the start.
One of the most valuable roles of a civil site engineer is assembling the right team to answer every question along the way. No single person has all the expertise required for a complex site. On many projects, we collaborate closely with architects, surveyors, geotechnical engineers, environmental scientists, and construction managers. Everyone brings a different perspective, and together we help clients make well-informed decisions.
A good example of why this early coordination matters happened on a recent project where we discovered groundwater only three feet below the surface during initial investigation. The client had already envisioned a new facility on that site, but the shallow water table created major complications for construction. If not addressed early, it would have caused costly delays and design changes later. Because we were involved from the start, we helped the client bring in the right specialists (environmental consultants, geotechnical engineers, and dewatering experts) to manage the issue effectively. We adjusted the design and construction plan so the project could move forward safely and successfully. That experience reinforced why due diligence isn’t just a box to check but is a safeguard for your vision.

Turning Complexity into Clarity
For many first-time developers or organizations expanding for the first time, this process can seem intimidating. My goal as a site design engineer is to make that process approachable. We take the technical details and translate them into clear options and next steps. Whether we’re preparing a feasibility report or final construction drawings, the heart of our work is partnership. Every successful project I’ve worked on has started with good information and open communication. When we understand the site, respect its limitations, and plan for the unexpected, we set the stage for a smoother construction phase and a better end result. At Prein&Newhof, we believe that engineering isn’t just about solving problems; it’s about anticipating them before they happen. The due diligence process may not be the most visible part of a project, but it’s what makes everything else possible.
If you’re considering a new development or wondering whether your property can support your vision, the best place to start is with a conversation. Every project can benefit from a little time spent understanding the site now to save a lot of time and cost later.






























